Deviance And Formal Deviance Within The Workplace - 921 Words

Deviance is defined as, recognized violations of cultural norms. There are two types of deviance, formal deviance and informal deviance. Formal deviance, or a crime, is described as a criminal violation of formally-enacted laws, examples include robbery, theft, rape, murder, and assault. Informal deviance is a violation of informal social norms, which have not been codified into law people declare these activities as deviance, examples of this would be nose-picking, belching loudly, or standing unnecessarily close to someone. Deviance is important to society, because without it people would not have any manners. If there was not any formal deviance people would think that it is okay to go around killing people and robbing places. Deviance is what keeps our society sane. There are many current reports of informal deviance throughout our country. A good example of deviance is the theater shootings. A main theater shooting was the one in Lafayette, Louisiana; July 24, 2015. A man named John Russell Houser, 59, a law school graduate with a history of mental problems, methodically shot eleven people in a Louisiana movie theater. He used a legally purchased handgun from an Alabama pawn shop. He fired off ten rounds, then ran out a side door to his 1995 Lincoln, when he saw a police car in the parking lot. Houser then ran back inside the theater and reloaded his gun and fired three more shots. After firing those last three shots he shot himself in the head. He fired a total ofShow MoreRelatedRelationship of Counterproductive Behaviors with Job Performance887 Words   |  4 Pages2010). From this perspective the workplace deviance can be triggered with respect to the unfavorable or unsupportive working conditions. (Colbert, Mount, Harter, Barrick, Witt, 2004). Thus this leads to the organizational context that has to be taken into account in deviance research (Bennett, Aquino, Reed Thau, 2005). Even leader behaviors are said to influence the perception of the organi zational climate (Lewin, Lippitt White, 1939). Effectiveness within the organization builds up a trustingRead MoreThere Are Many Factors In An Organisation That May Lead1727 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many factors in an organisation that may lead to deviant workplace behaviour and such behaviour is not wanted, managers must generate strategies to reduce this behaviour within their organisations. The term, deviant workplace behaviour, is defined as behaviour, that is intentional, that violates important organisational models and while this is happening, it may be threatening the wellbeing of the organisation or its members (Robbins, Judge, Millett, Boyle, 2014, p. 21). A manager’s bestRead MoreDysfunctional Behaviour in Organisations3255 Words   |  14 Pagesas corrupt, counterproductive behaviour, deviance, antisocial, and unethical or anti-citizen behaviour (Speedy 2004). Pulich and Tourigny (2004), attempt to distinguish dysfunctional behaviour into two categories i.e. interpersonal workplace deviance and organisational deviance. Interpersonal deviance refers to both minor and serious harmful behaviours that target specific stakeholders such as clients and co-workers. Minor offences include political deviance such as gossiping about co-workers, blamingRead MoreHow Americas Social Structure Causes Deviance Essay2345 Words   |  10 PagesHow Americas Social Structure Causes Deviance Although many people know that deviancy is apparent in American society, few realize that it is society itself that causes deviancy. Our social structure exerts numerous pressures among people in our society to engage in non-conforming and deviant behavior to achieve the American dream. American society does this by emphasizing certain success goals, and not emphasizing the correct means to achieve these goals. In addition, deviancy is reinforcedRead MoreThe Everyday Is Important For Sociological Research2197 Words   |  9 Pagesis often not-so-obvious’ (Newman et al., 2013). This essay utilises the sociological imagination to express this importance of the everyday through the exploration of three aspects of socialisation, these being employment, mass media, and social deviance. It is these kinds of socialisations occurring in the everyday that illustrate how social structures and institutions influence behaviours and emotions, and hence also prove the everyday as an imp ortant setting for sociological research. ‘Have youRead MoreEssay about Deviance4960 Words   |  20 PagesDeviance Whatever the term deviance creates , in general it is popularly assumed that deviants are individuals who are somehow less capable, less socially responsible, less adjusted, and consequently less useful to society than their more fortunate, upright and normal fellows ( Social Deviance in Australia, p 4). In the case of Aboriginal drinking, alcohol is the main source of criminalisation and incarceration. This public labelling gives the individual an entirely new status- one whichRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 PagesSCLY4 Crime and Deviance with Theories Methods Past Papers Use the following past papers to practise your exam writing techniques and aid your revision. Make sure you look at the mark scheme for each question to assess your answer. Also check the ‘model answers’ from students to see where good AO1 and AO2 marks were scored. Crime and Deviance Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control. The social distribution of crime and deviance by age, ethnicityRead Morecriminology in kenya3603 Words   |  15 Pagesthe numerous achievements of Emile Durkheim in relevance to the topic above and field of criminology in general. Overview of Durkeheim on crime Durkheim took toward crime. He recognized deviance as important to the well-being of society and proposed that challenges to established moral and legal laws (deviance and crime, respectively) acted to unify those that were not in opposition to the laws. Recognition and punishment of crimes is, in effect, the very reaffirmation of the laws and moral boundariesRead MoreWeber s Stress On The Formal Aspect Of Organization952 Words   |  4 PagesThis model has been thoroughly critiqued. Many scholars have pointed out that Weber s stress on the formal aspect of organization in fact ignored the informal structure of relationships which represent the reality of organizational life. Goal displacement, where rules become an end in themselves is an instance of an unwanted result of this rule bound method. Parsons highlights the potential rivalry which may arise between a bureaucrat s authority correlated to his rank in the hierarchy, and thatRead MoreOccurence of Crime Essay1978 Words   |à ‚  8 Pages Within each society wealth, power and status is distributed unfairly and unequally. This inequality creates social class divisions, people at different levels, where some have more while others less (Haralambos, 2008). All societies form through the same process where behaviour is learnt from others within the community. The learning process, known as socialization, varies and it is culture that determines how to think by teaching appropriate behaviour relevant to that society. Informal rules

How Heat Is The Heat Source For Our World - 1513 Words

Our planet is powered by the sun, which serves as the main heat source for our world. It is from the sun that energy is transferred â€Å"through space and through the earth s atmosphere to the earth s surface† (â€Å"The Transfer of Heat Energy†, n.d.). When energy begins to warm our planet’s atmosphere and surface, some of that energy is considered to be heat energy. Specifically, there are three different methods in which our world uses to transfer heat into and throughout the atmosphere; these methods include conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat is considered to be thermal energy, and thus is able to be transferred from one place to another via conduction, convection, and radiation. It is important to note that â€Å"conduction and†¦show more content†¦The process of conduction can best be understood when it’s broken down into basic chemistry terminology. â€Å"The electrons in piece of metal can leave their atoms and move about in th e metal as free electrons† (BBC, n.d.). An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle; free electrons are not bound to the nucleus of an atom, therefore it is not attached to the atom at all. After the electrons in a piece of metal become unattached to their atoms and start to move around as free electrons, â€Å"the parts of the metal atoms left behind are now charged metal ions† (BBC, n.d.). An ion is defined as an atom or molecule that either loses or gains one or more electrons, thus leaving the ion with a net electric charge. Once the metal ions are the only part of the metal atom left behind, the ions are then crowded closely together as they begin to vibrate incessantly; the more kinetic energy these ion vibrations have, the hotter the metal becomes. Kinetic energy is simply the energy that arises when something is in motion. The kinetic energy given off by the vibrating ions is transferred from the â€Å"hot parts of the metal to cooler parts by the fr ee electrons; these move through the structure of the metal, colliding with ions as they go† (BBS, n.d.). Substances like non-metals and gases are typically very poor heat conductors; substances that are â€Å"poor conductors of heatShow MoreRelatedPreserving Our World with Solar Energy900 Words   |  4 PagesSolar energy is a way to restore and preserve our world. How wonderful it would be to use the suns energy to heat and cool our homes, power out cars and run the electricity to light our houses. This concept is getting closer to reality all the time. Solar energy is expensive on a large scale, but running lights and small appliances are now inexpensive. Small calculators and lights that are solar powered are accessable to everyone. God commissioned his children to take care of the earth in GenesisRead MoreAlternative Energy is the Solution to the Fossil Fuel Dilemma1366 Words   |  6 Pagesnations of the Middle East, and we will continue to damage our precious environment. Since the United States relies so heavily on fuel from the Middle East, the U.S. is subject to the will of those quarrelsome nations in order to maintain our fuel reserve. A shortage of oil can happen at any time and would cause an energy crisis that would hinder the United States. Another reason for us to substitute fossil fuels with alternative energy sources is that fossil fuels are hazardous to the environmentRead MoreEssay on Geothermal Energy1047 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the years electricity has become a source of energy that cannot seem to be replaced; however there are many different alternatives to this source of energy. One specific alternative is geothermal energy, which might be just as effective as electricity, but much less harmful to the environment. Electricity, although very helpful, produces fuels that might be harming not only our world, but our human society. To power electricity we must use fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gasRead MoreThe World Of Convection, Conduction, And Radiation1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe World of Convection, Conduction, and Radiation In our physical world, there are a multitude of phenomenon that occur daily that we experience that often go unnoticed. It contains a vast array of conceptual applications and the equations applied to them in order to better explain and calculate the phenomenon involved. In a normal occurrence an individual can explain and calculate certain aspects of movement and processes that are also involved with it. When dealing with the transferring of heatRead MoreA Brief Report On Fossil Fuels1328 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary Fossil fuels are used as a main source of energy all over the world, including Canada. The burning of fossil fuels is the world’s leading source of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. In residential construction, Canada has become aware of the effects of fossil fuels and is adopting a new way of building with an environmentally friendly green approach using Geothermal Energy Pump Systems. In residential homesRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects905 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent variables that are contributing to the cause of a problem the world is currently faced with, global warming. What is global warming? Well, global warming is a rise in the Earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (which I will talk more about.) Which is when our ozone layer has a hole which gradually increases, and increases heat fr om the sun. This causes major problems such as the polar caps meltingRead MoreRenewable and Nonrewable Energy Resources Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesexists in many forms, such as: - Light - Heat - Electrical - Mechanical - Atomic - Chemical-etc. There are different types of energy resources. They go into two groups, which are Non-renewable and Renewable. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES ============================== Once non-renewable resources (natural resources) are consumed they cannot be replaced. The main energy sources used by humans are non-renewable resources; andRead MoreThe Affects Of The Alternative Source Of Alternative Sources1664 Words   |  7 Pages The Affects of the Use of Alternative Sources Miguel Pereira Gwynedd Mercy University â€Æ' Abstract Alternative sources are often published as nuclear, solar, wind, and also hydroelectric energy. These types of energy are given to us in the United States and the world to help us live a better and healthier life. Alternative energy is much cleaner and also more efficient than the fossil fuel energy that we use now. These types of energies can provide a much higher impact towards environmentRead MoreFinding use in â€Å"spacecrafts, pacemakers, underwater systems, electric automobiles, and remote1200 Words   |  5 Pagesuse in â€Å"spacecrafts, pacemakers, underwater systems, electric automobiles, and remote monitoring systems† (source 6), the atomic battery has existed for over a century and is growing to benefit our world. The atomic battery generates electricity from a nuclear reaction, utilizing the radioactive decay of specific elements. The atomic battery is certainly not meant for households or as a source of common battery use, but rather powerful equipment needin g to run for long, extended periods. Atomic batteriesRead MoreSources Of Energy1062 Words   |  5 PagesWith increased additions of renewable sources in our existing infrastructure, major challenges are arising, as their supply is generally unstable and unpredictable. Too often, integrated renewable sources are curtailed and the energy is wasted for the safety of our existing electrical grid [1-6]. A logical solution would be to include large-scale energy storage systems, which would reduce the curtailment and increase the utilization of these clean sources, such as wind turbines and photovoltaics

Media Marketing Online Video Streaming

Question: Discuss about theMedia Marketingfor Online Video Streaming. Answer: Introduction Part A: In this paragraph, the impact of media on the business and individual of Qatar has been identified and discussed. In terms of individuals, penetration of media stands at eighty-two percent in Qatar. This result has been deducted by including movie and music download, online video streaming, use of email services, product researching and many more activities that are carried out on the internet. The most active group of users are the youth of the nation. The most amount of internet access, eighty-nine percent, is done from home. In addition, twenty-four percent of internet access are done through mobile devices (Meeds 2015). Therefore, the impact of media on the Qatar individuals is very high and still increasing rapidly. In terms of enhancing the communication and facilitating daily operations, various organisations are using the media. Though the impact of media is very high in Qatar, there are significant challenges in implementing the media security. The prime reason of it is the security reasons. Aljazeera, TiVo and much more were the biggest online media organisations in Qatar twenty years ago. Google, Facebook, Whatsapp and LinkedIn are the biggest names in the Qatar media industry (Starke, Naab and Scherer 2016). Google is currently the biggest information technology organisation in the whole world. The impact of this search engine has been the bigger than any other organisation. From the students to professionals all of the types of people has gained the benefit of this tool. Facebook has a unique impact on social beliefs and morals of Qatar. The people of this country got the ability to connect to the whole world and share their views with others. This is changing the thinking of the students of this country. Apple has provided the experience of using the best quality and most secure devices to the people of Qatar. Netflix, Yahoo and QiHu have made them able to gather the knowledge and see what other nations are doing. Tencent is a China-based virtual product selling organisation. This organisation took the liberty to enhance the daily lives of the citizen of Qatar. Part B: The media selected for this part is the Facebook. It is the most popular social media across the whole world in terms of the number of the users and their activities in the media site. This social media platform is being used for both the social networking and monetary purposes. The profitability of this social media platform is increasing in a high speed. As per the analysis of the financial data of the company over the years of 2011 and 2012, it has been found that the revenue of the company has been increased by 37%. The amount of the revenue after increasing was $1.38 billion. The main reason behind this financial growth of the social media is the increase of the advertising revenue. The numbers of advertisements were increased by almost 38% in the year of 2012. The details regarding the financial growth of the company during the time period of 2011 to 2015 is given in the table given below: Figure 1: Financial data of Facebook (Source: Annual report Facebook) The main key measures that are used for measuring the trend of the social media are the daily active users, monthly active users, mobile daily users and the and the revenue per users. As per the analysis of the data regarding these key measures, this media company is trending highly in all the measures. As per the analysis of the data from the year of 2012 to 2015 Facebook is trending in all the area. The number of users and the revenue all are increasing in a high speed. The professor of Stanford Graduate Schools marketing department, Navdeep Sahni through discovered the spillover effect of online advertising through investigating the online banner advertisements (Navdeep 2017). The online advertisements are very assisting in terms of promoting the marketing operations and product sales. However, Navdeep stated that the organisation that is paying for the advertisement gets five times lesser advantages than the competitors do. In addition, the cumulative positive effect is much greater for the product/service sales of the hundreds of the competitors. Taken as an example, if the consumers watch a product on the social media, it reminds them similar other competing products. Though the information that has been provided within the section is mostly based on the research of the restaurant industry, it is believed that this outcome will be same for the other industries. It is because the basic of the research is based on finding the impact of the social advertisements. Spillover effect impels that the consumer after viewing an advertisement establishes mental link beyond their impression regarding the brand that is promoting the advertisement (Lambrecht and Tucker 2013). For instance, if the consumers view an object, the consumers remind of various associated objects that turn into relevant. It is possible for the organisations or advertisers to minimise the effect of the spillover by rethinking the contents of the advertisement. This way the organisations can attract the focus of the customers more to it than the competitors or other similar products or services (Navdeep 2017). In order to do so, the organisations and advertisers must concentrate on contents that can link with the requirements of the customers. The effect of the spillover can be counteracted as soon as an advertisement that is more relevant generates. Taken as an example, if the advertiser thinks that the customer or audience provide value to the to the expert review's opinions, the advertisement may quote a specifically satisfying one. The advertiser emphasise of the prices will be depended on the audiences' low or high-value prices (Ham and Nelson 2016). In order to transform a thought to the sale of products or services, the advertiser has to beat the competitors that the advertisement reminds of con sumers. It is very essential that the advertisement clearly states that the advertiser is better than its competitors so that increase of sale can happen. There is another way of demising the effect of the spillover, and it implies that the advertisers must increase the frequency of the advertisement. This will surely imprint a better impression on the on the customer's mind. Navdeep (2017) also stated that the advertisement that is showed in low frequency, particularly lesser than three exposures, assisted the competitors to gain more sales. In addition, the higher frequency of advertisement became the key to overcoming the effect of spillovers. The online advertising provides a better insight of the advertisements. This allows detecting the advertisements that are better in bringing the greater number of qualifying leads. The online advertisements are also used for targeting the particular audience by exploiting their values. According to Castells (2015), the movements in the network society is inspired by the social movements. The social movements are produced because of the emotions that are generated by the meaning full actions. Instead of the fact that the form of the networking is multimodal, it is essential to make use of the mobile communication and internet. Networks are included with the movements that are associated with the media, internet blogosphere and society. The networking technologies can be considered as meaningful in terms of the movement as these allow continuing the movement and an evolving expansive network practice (evolves with the movement shape change). The de-centered framework of the internet increases the possibility of participation in the movement. It is possible as the Internet technologies are open-ended networks that do not have any defined boundary. At that time when the movements initiate on the Internet Social Networks, it turns out to be a movement through engaging i n the urban space. The components of the movements are the interaction among the flows space on the internet, obtained sites space of places, wireless communication network and protest actions targeted symbolic buildings. The space autonomy can be considered as the networked social movements fresh spatial form. The movements can be local and global simultaneously. These kinds of movements can be initiated in particular contexts through obtaining the urban space as well as establishing the connection with the internet networks. These movements rise because of own reasons. These movements maintain ongoing debate on the internet that is global. Simultaneously, the movements need revelations within a network of local spaces. Like other historical movements, it has created its form of time. These movements refer to two distinct perspectives. The first perspective implies that it operates itself regularly within the obtained settlements while evocation occurrence day not defined. The other perspective states that unimaginable horizon of the potentiality of new community and forms of life emerging from the practice of the movements is living in their projects and debates. The online movements are precisely self-reflective movements. The movement is the mirror of the belief, need, wished democracy and society of the people that are associated with the movement. The multimodal and horizontal movements create togetherness among the participants. The togetherness serves as the key to discovering hope and overcoming fear. As most of the participant take part at the moment because of their own goals and motivations, there is no room for applying the concept of community in online social movements. The horizontality characteristic of the network provides support to solidarity and cooperation by avoiding the need for the formal leadership. The main concept of the movement determines that whether it is a programmatic movement or not. The demands of the movements are associated with the condition of the life that the participants wish to have in their lives (Castells 2015). The social movements are aimed at altering the value of the society. Bibliography: Annual report Facebook. (2017). [online] Available at: https://s21.q4cdn.com/399680738/files/doc_financials/annual_reports/2015-Annual-Report.pdf [Accessed 23 Feb. 2017]. Armstrong, D.G., Rankin, T.M., Giovinco, N.A., Mills, J.L. and Matsuoka, Y., 2014. A Heads-Up Display for Diabetic Limb Salvage Surgery A View Through the Google Looking Glass.Journal of diabetes science and technology, p.1932296814535561. Castells, M., 2015.Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age. John Wiley Sons. Google Financial Analysis with Graphs, Google's Finances. (2017). [online] The Business Ferret. Available at: https://thebusinessferret.com/google-financial-analysis/ [Accessed 20 Feb. 2017]. Ham, C.D. and Nelson, M.R., 2016. The role of persuasion knowledge, assessment of benefit and harm, and third-person perception in coping with online behavioral advertising.Computers in Human Behavior,62, pp.689-702. Imran, M., Castillo, C., Diaz, F. and Vieweg, S., 2015. Processing social media messages in mass emergency: A survey.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),47(4), p.67. Klausen, J., 2015. Tweeting the Jihad: Social media networks of Western foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq.Studies in Conflict Terrorism,38(1), pp.1-22. Lambrecht, A. and Tucker, C., 2013. When does retargeting work? Information specificity in online advertising.Journal of Marketing Research,50(5), pp.561-576. Meeds, R., 2015. Changing roles of traditional and online media as trusted news sources in Qatar and their relationships with perceived important issues and interest in politics.Journal of Middle East Media,11, pp.34-61. Muensterer, O.J., Lacher, M., Zoeller, C., Bronstein, M. and Kubler, J., 2014. Google Glass in pediatric surgery: an exploratory study.International journal of surgery,12(4), pp.281-289. Navdeep, S., 2017. Beware the Little-Known Spillover Effect of Online Ads. (2017). [online] Stanford Graduate School of Business. Available at: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/beware-little-known-spillover-effect-online-ads [Accessed 20 Feb. 2017]. Starke, C., Naab, T.K. and Scherer, H., 2016. Free to Expose Corruption: The Impact of Media Freedom, Internet Access and Governmental Online Service Delivery on Corruption.International Journal of Communication,10, p.21. Wilkowski, J., Deutsch, A. and Russell, D.M., 2014, March. Student skill and goal achievement in the mapping with google MOOC. InProceedings of the first ACM conference on Learning@ scale conference(pp. 3-10). ACM.

Norman Mcleans A River Runs Through It Explores Many Feelings And Exp

Norman Mclean's A River Runs Through It explores many feelings and experiences of one ?turn of the century? family in Missoula, Montana. In both the movie, directed by Robert Redford, and the original work of fiction we follow the Mcleans through their joys and sorrows. However, the names of the characters and places are not purely coincidental. These are the same people and places known by Norman Mclean as he was growing up. In a sense, A River Runs Through It is Mclean's autobiography. Although these autobiographical influences are quite evident throughout the course of the story they have deeper roots in the later life of the author as he copes with his life's hardships. The characters in the movie and book are taken straight from Mclean's life. From the hard working, soft centered, minister father, to the drunken, ?down on his luck?, brother-in-law, Neil. The character of Paul appears the be the most true to life member of Norman's family. The audience quickly becomes familia r with Paul and his quick-tempered, always ready for anything attitude. This is evident in the beginning of the story with Paul's frequent phrase ?...with a bet on the to make things interesting (Mclean 6).? ?It was almost funny and sometimes not so funny to see a boy always wanting to bet on himself and almost sure to win (Mclean 5).? Unlike Norman who was rigorously home schooled every morning, while Paul seemed to escape this torment. The boys would spend their afternoons frolicking in the woods and fishing the Big Blackfoot River. The differences that developed between Paul's and Norman's fishing styles become evident in the published versions of Mclean's life as well as his real life. Norman followed the traditional style taught by their preacher-father, ten and two in a four -count rhythm, like a metronome. The four-count rhythm, of course, is functional. The one count takes the line, leader, and fly off the water; the two count tosses them seemingly straight into the sky; th e three count was my father's way of saying that at the top the leader and fly have to be given a little beat of time to get behind the line as it is starting forward; the four count means put on the power and throw the line into the rod until you reach ten o'clock-then check-cast, let the fly and leader get ahead of the line, and coast to a soft and perfect landing (Mclean 4). Paul, on the other hand, was less controlled by their father. Therefore he was able to develop his own style of casting. This new technique in which he dubbed ?shadow casting? was able to draw the fish to the surface using only the shadow of the fly. ?...That the fish are alerted by the shadows of flies passing over the water by the first casts, so hit the fly the moment it touches the water (Mclean 21).? Among other things, Paul was also grew up with a bit of gambling and drinking streak in him. Paul's habits did not just exist in the book, these characteristics of Paul were carried over from Norman's re al life experiences with his brother. ?...Paul lived mostly by instinct and bravado, learning early on to gamble, drink and fight (Eastman 54).? Paul's tendancies of to get into the high stakes poker games without a clear head and then try to fight his way out of debt was what eventually leads to his demise; both in real life and in A River Runs Through it. Although the documentation of Norman Mclean's life is very similar to his real life, there are some subtle differences that exist. In the wide screen version of A River Runs Through It, directed by Robert Redford, the middle part of the movie is taken up with Norman's courting of Jessie, his real life wife. This is different from the book because as the book progresses, Norman is already married to Jessie. One other difference between the movie and the author's real life is a small scene in which the Mclean boys ?borrow? a rowboat and run the rapids of a nearby river. Although untold in the story these parts are part of the

Top 7 Free Mind Mapping Tools For Students by Lauren Gartner

Top 7 Free Mind Mapping Tools For Students Mind mapping has been a classroom graphic organizer tool that students have used for years. Long before any software tools for this process were available, students learned how to take pencil to paper and create their own mind maps when they needed to: Brainstorm ideas for an essay or paper Organize ideas into categories or steps Prioritize ideas and concepts Benefits of Mind Mapping The biggest benefit of mind mapping is that students are able to see all of their thoughts on a specific topic or idea as a whole. This makes it easy to then do the following: Combine ideas or sub-topics that are similar Eliminate those that are duplicates or unimportant/irrelevant Organize and prioritize ideas or sub-topics Student use of mind mapping in order to prepare for writing is probably the most important use. Consider some of the possibilities If a student is writing a persuasive essay, the mind map will allow combining and prioritizing the arguments that will be used A character sketch – a mind map can be used to note all of the character traits that will be covered, and, under those, examples from the story or novel that will be used as evidence Research Paper Organization of Sub-Topics, along with reference citations for those sub-topics Plots for narratives can be chronologically organized Technology Comes to Mind Mapping It was only natural that mind mapping tools were be developed, both as independent software programs and as online apps. In fact, there are now a huge number for both educational and business use. Of course, for students, â€Å"free† is always better, and there are plenty of mind mapping tools that have free personal accounts. Freebies: The following is a list of the most popular free mind mapping tools that are easy to use, allow collaboration with other students, and have a number of features that make assignments, organization, and planning much more efficient. Mindmeister This tool is online, so that it can be accessed from anywhere and with any device. You can use it solo or collaborate with other students if you are involved in a group project. The live chat feature makes it even more attractive. Watch the demo on their website. MindMap This is a Google Chrome extension, with Dropbox, Google Drive, and Cloud built in. It can be used locally or in the cloud and allows the printing and exporting of completed maps. The other great feature is that you can add text, images, links, etc. and customize color so that sub-topics and sub-sub topics re easily recognizable. Bubbl.us This is one of the simplest mind mapping tools to be found. Once you type your main idea or topic, the tree begins. You may then type in â€Å"sub-level† terms, and they are automatically placed. You can then move the bubbles around. There is also an auto-save feature and, because it is online, you can collaborate with others. The drawback of this app is that you cannot add images, links or files unless you purchase the premium version. Xmind This is an open source tool with some unique features. You can export any map in other formats – PDF, TXT, JPEG, etc. It has tree, logic and fishbone charts, for personal preference and depending upon your project. The basic account is free but, as you add features, the price can go up to $80. Text2Mind If you are a beginner to mind mapping tools, this is a great starter too. You simply type in your main topic or concept and click â€Å"map.† Immediately, you map is generated with the topic in the center. As you type in new text as sub-topics, it is immediately positioned for you. There are built-in keyboard shortcuts and you can download to your own device as a PDF or Image. SpiderScribe This online tool allows you to place notes and files, as well as URL’s and reference citations. Because it is stored in the Cloud, there is easy access from anywhere and the ability to share with others (you can designate â€Å"read only† or â€Å"read and write†). Personal accounts are free. There is a great tutorial/tour video to orient any â€Å"newbie.† iMindQ Interactive mind mapping tool is flexible enough to fit different needs like business, education or personal use. The tool has two appearances - as an application for Windows or Mac and a subscription-based online service, giving you the freedom of choice. Possibilities like MS Office integration and Multi-Language support make this tool even more attractive. For students new to mind mapping, these are probably the easiest to use tools. Once you begin to use mind mapping tools, you will see the benefits!

Speaking Strategies for English Learners

Speaking Strategies for English Learners Many English students complain that they understand English, but dont feel confident enough to join a conversation. There are a number of reasons for this, which we include here along with possible solutions: Students try to translate from their native language into English. How to Fix  It? Identify the Little Man/Woman in Your Head  -   If you pay attention, youll notice that youve created a little person in your head that translates. By insisting on always translating through this little man or woman, youre introducing a third person into the conversation. Learn to identify this person and ask them nicely to be quiet! Production blocking occurs due to nervousness, lack of confidence, etc. How to Fix  It? Become a Child Again -   Think back to when you were a child learning your first language. Did you make mistakes? Did you understand everything? Allow yourself to be a child again and make as many mistakes as possible. Also accept the fact that you wont understand everything, thats okay! The speaker is looking for a specific word, rather than using simple language to describe what is meant. How to Fix  It? Dont Always Tell the Truth  - Students sometimes limit themselves by trying to find the exact translation of something theyve done. However, if you are learning English, its not necessary to always tell the truth. If you are practicing telling stories in the past, make up a story. Youll find you can speak more easily if you arent trying to find a specific word. There arent enough conversation opportunities in or outside of class. How to Fix  It? Use Your Native Language  - Think about what you like to discuss in your own native language. Find a friend who speaks your language, have a conversation about a topic you both enjoy in your own language. Next, try to reproduce the conversation in English. Dont worry if you cant say everything, just try to repeat the main ideas of your conversation. Students arent able to speak to peers (for example: mixed classes of adults and teenagers). How to Fix  It? Make Speaking Into a Game -   Challenge each other to speak in English for a short period of time. Keep your goals easy. Perhaps you can begin with a short two-minute conversation in English. As practicing becomes more natural, challenge each other for longer periods of time. Another possibility is to collect some money for each time you use your own language with a friend. Use the money to go out for a drink and practice some more English! Exam preparation focuses on grammar, vocabulary, etc. and leaves little time for active use. How to Fix  It? Create a Study Group  - If getting ready for a test is your primary goal for learning English, put together a study group to review and prepare - in English! Make sure your group only discusses in English. Studying and reviewing in English, even if its just grammar, will help you become more comfortable in speaking English.   Speaking Resources Here are a number of resources, lesson plans, suggestion pages, and more which will help you and your students improve English speaking skills in and outside of class. The first rule of improving speaking skills is to speak, converse, talk, gab, etc. as much as you can! However, these strategies can help you - or your students - make the most out of your efforts. American English Usage Tips - Understanding how Americans use English and what they expect to hear can help improve conversations between native and non-native speakers. These next two features help you understand how words stress plays a role in both understanding and being understood: Intonation and Stress: Key to UnderstandingWord Stress - Changes in Meaning Register use refers to the tone of voice and words that you choose when speaking to others. Appropriate register use can help you develop a good rapport with other speakers. Register UsageRegister Use in English Teaching Conversational Skills will help teachers understand specific challenges involved when teaching speaking skills in class. Social English Examples Making sure that your conversation starts well often depends on using social English (standard phrases). These social English examples provide short dialogues and key phases necessary. IntroductionsGreetingsSpecial DaysSpeaking to StrangersTraveling Phrases Dialogues Dialogues are useful in learning standard phrases and vocabulary used in common situations. These situations are some of the most common youll find when practicing your English. A Busy DayWeekend SportsAt a Restaurant Here are a number of dialogues based on level: Beginners DialoguesIntermediate Dialogues Conversation Lesson Plans Here are a number of lesson plans which have proven quite popular in ESL/EFL classrooms around the world. Well start with debates. Debates can be used in class to help motivate students and use phrases and vocabulary that they may not use on an everyday basis. Here are a few to start off with: Men and Women - Equal at Last?Multinationals -   Help or Hindrance? Games are also quite popular in class, and games which encourage to express their point of view are some of the best: Creating a New SocietyGuilty!Lego Blocks This page will lead you to all the conversation plans located on this site: Conversation Lesson Plan Resource

2.What is the democratic peace theory What are its strengths and Essay

2.What is the democratic peace theory What are its strengths and weaknesses - Essay Example The empirical association between peace and democracy has been challenged and debated since the inception of this theory to the current times. Statistically, the likelihood of democracies going into war is considered to be very low (Art and Jervis, 2005: 256). This theory not only challenges the existence and validity of other systems of politics such as communism and fascism, but also challenges the prevailing international relations realist view, which emphasizes that common strategic interests and calculations of balance of power are what explain stability and peace which characterizes liberal democracies relations (Baylis, Smith and Owens, 2010: 424). It is no doubt that DPT is a fundamental aspect in understanding international relation and politics. Therefore, this essay will focus on understanding DPT in detail, as well as focus on its advantages and disadvantages. The proponents of DPT have offered several explanations regarding the assertion that democracies rarely or never go to war with each other. Some of these explanations include: democracies often peaceful conflict resolution norms that they employ in external relations; democracies relate and trade heavily with other democracies and war will be very costly and of little or no gain at all; democracies are made up of democratic institutions like powerful legislations and competitive elections which may prohibit governments from going to war; and democratic leaders are answerable to voters for issues such as war and therefore they have an incentive to find alternatives (Art and Jervis, 2005: 257). Fundamentally, there are four main explanations for the democratic peace theory: structural, monadic, dyadic, and normative explanations. The structural explanation holds that it is the representative government institutions which hold decision makers and elected officials accountable to a wide electorate, which make a war to be

Analysis of AT & T Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Analysis of AT & T Organization - Essay Example This organization is originally a company of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of telephone services, and has their headquarters in Boston. The organization is a previous monopoly business that serves the population in the telecommunications and information technology sector (Keidel, 2005). It involves itself in the development and sale of telecommunication services in the country and across the entire globe (Verzuh, 2007). The organization has recently been experiencing problems in the loss of customers to their competitor, Verizon Corporation. This is because their competitor’s did introduce a similar product to their iphone. They are also able to offer better pacts than the organization (Green, 2006). For example, Verizon Corporation offers no limitations on data transfers and still charges a set price. The organization is currently unable to provide their customers with the satisfaction they require from the network capabilities on offer. This results in the company maki ng big losses in terms of customers leaving the organization for their competitors. The organization has not been able to keep their customers to the business (Valikangas, 2010). I would like to suggest that the company develops a project to explore into these issues. They should form teams comprising of experts and some technical staff to address this issue across their various branches. The organization will expect to improve their products and increase the number of customers to their business (Valikangas, 2010). Analysis of the Current Situation This organization offers telephone communication services across twenty-two states in America. The company also offers internet facilities, data transfers and phone services. Financial analysts in the company suggest that the organization is likely to make profits in the next few years. The organization is also currently enjoying great revenues from their wireless trade (Estabrooks, 2005). The organizations debt currently stands at $1.4 billion, which is below EBITDA standards by 1.6 periods. Their pensions are hard to approximate and it finds difficulties in their cash flows since they have many debt to repay and dividends to pay to the shareholders. The dividends they pay out amount to more than ten billion dollars (Temin and Galambos, 2007). The organization intends to acquire another company by the name of T-Mobile USA. These activities are likely to affect the organizations capital composition though the financial analysts believe that the company’s performance will remain constant. The company has to cut the costs they incur to ensure that their performances remains relevant to the current market conditions (Hodges, 2002). The disadvantage that the organization currently encounters on limitations in their network will get their solutions after the organization acquires the additional firm. The management of AT&T expects that the additional organization will come with the networking resources they requi re. The organization’s provision of wireless services is far beyond their competitors abilities. The organizations leadership focuses their cash on the repayment of their debts (Ellis, 2009). This move did come into play over the past few years with the aim of reducing their debts. This act enables the company to cut their costs to the current value of 65 billion dollars. Their investment formation remains the most traditional in their industry. This gives the company the advantage of quickly adjusting to changes in the economic conditions the country experiences (Temin and Galambos, 2007). The organization’s main competitor in the provision of Iphones, Verizon, has a customer base of more than ninety four million people and makes over a

Visual Art in Greek Mythology Essay Example for Free

Visual Art in Greek Mythology Essay Visual art is one of the most important facets of ancient culture. Not only is visual art aesthetically pleasing to the senses, but it aids us in grasping the concepts of civilizations and stories that we could not fully understand in simple text. Greek mythology has bred some of the most beautiful works of art ever created. These works tell the stories they represent in lively form, color and style. One of the most famed works of art representing Greek mythology originated in 460-450 BC. This is the statue of Zeus. There are arguments about whether it is Zeus or Poseidon, because they are both pliable possibilities, but for simplicitys sake, let us assume it is Zeus. The statue of Zeus is one of great pride. He stands without hesitation. He appears to be in his 40s, but his physical body is muscular and shapely. His very stance is once that demands attention and respect. This represents his role: Zeus the chief god. Zeus is strong, powerful, and just. In the statue, Zeus is about to throw one of his lightning bolts of justice. His face is very stern and focused, as if he is seriously concentrated on the matter at hand. He stands unashamed of his exposed manhood, which is very representative of Zeuss character. Zeus is most known for his tendency to spread his seed throughout both the goddess world and the mortal woman world. It was considered a great honor to be a son or daughter of Zeus. Years and years later, in 1622, a sculptor named Gian Lorenzo created the sculpture Pluto and Proserpine. This sculpture represents the story of the capture of Persephone by Hades. Hades, the Roman Pluto, is depicted holding Persephone, the Roman Proserpine, by her waist and thigh. Persephone is turned away from Hades, pushing his face away. She attempts to squirm free of his strong grasp, a look of horror and fear on her face. It would seem this represents the moment Hades brings her to the underworld and tells her she is to be his queen. It is clear they are in the underworld because of Hades dog at his side. As Persephone pushes him away, he almost looks offended at her refusal. It is clear she cannot escape, for his body is obviously strong and muscular, and both her feet are off the ground, but her attempt is a feisty, determined one. This shows how much she does not want  to stay with Hades in the underworld. The pain she feels is so apparent; her other arm is raised, as if reaching for some sort of escape, and her face is turned, as if she wouldnt even look at him. The open mouth of Hades dog also indicates that theres some sort of struggle going on, like it is barking. There is so much violent, sexual energy in this sculpture. It probably also represent the very moment before Hades ravishes Persephone. Moving further through time, the beautiful painting Cupid Kissing Psyche is created by Francois Gerard in 1798. This piece is absolutely mesmerizing. In the story of Cupid, or Eros, and Psyche, Eros is commanded by his mother Aphrodite to shoot his arrows at Psyche and make her fall in love with an ugly creature because she is jealous of her beauty. When Eros sees Psyche, he himself falls in love with her, and takes her away to be his secret bride. The only condition she must follow is that she cannot see him, for she cant know his true identity. At first Psyche is frightened, but begins to love Eros, still unknowingly. This painting represents this stage of the story, where Psyches love for the unidentified Eros is growing. The very color scheme of this painting is intensely calming and serene. Psyche sits amidst beautiful scenery, staring straight ahead. Eros is next to her, but she does not seem to notice. His hands are so close to her, but its hard to tell whether he is touching her or not. The beautiful youth of Eros is obviously deeply in love with her. Though Psyche cannot see Eros, her face seems to sense him there, and there is no trace of fear. Though it is a painting of Eros and Psyche together, I believe the painter intends for it to be an expression of their love, and not a literal scene. (Meaning, Eros is not actually there beside her. ) She is holding herself tenderly, as if treasuring a memory. Both their bodies are painted so softly and so insanely beautiful that the mind is overcome by their love when viewing this work. In 1809, painter John Vanderlyn painted Ariadne Asleep on Naxos. Ariadne was a beautiful brown-haired maiden who fell in love with the hero Theseus. Ariadne aided Theseus in his slaughter of the Minotaur, and in return, requested to be his bride. Theseus accepted her offer, and after defeating the Minotaur, brought her with him. On the island of Naxos, however, Theseus abandoned her as she slept. This painting represents the moment Theseus sails off, as seen in the background to the right. Ariadne sleeps, stretched out on the ground, her body exposed and relaxed. She looks peaceful, as if she is happily dreaming of her lover, Theseus. The red shades used around her body give her a sexual energy, and yet she rests on a cloth of white, representing her innocence and virginity. Perhaps she is dreaming of her long-awaited wedding with Theseus and the birth of her sexuality. It is tragic in the sense that she may be thinking all these things, while her fiance is sailing off without her and she has no idea. But because she is portrayed in such a desirable way, it almost hints that there will be someone else. As one story goes, the god Dionysus finds her on Naxos and makes her his wife. There is a burst of light where Theseus is sailing away, representing a love that leaves her. But there is another burst of light coming from the opposite direction, hidden in the left, illuminating her body, possibly representing a love that finds her. Painted more recently, in 1908, is Apollo and Daphne by John William Waterhouse. The story behind this painting begins with a conversation between the sun god Apollo and the god of love, Eros. Apollo asks why such a youth like Eros is carrying around weapons of war, and Eros becomes offended. Eros shoots Apollo with the gold-tipped arrow, making him fall desperately in love with the wood nymph Daphne, while he shoots Daphne with the lead-tipped arrow, making her despise Apollo. Apollo pursues Daphne and she rejects him. Daphne is soon transformed into the laurel tree, and Apollo is seen professing his love to this tree. This painting shows the end of the chase. Apollo is reaching for her, his face locked to hers. In his other hand is his musical instrument, ready to woo her. Daphne looks distressed and frightened because of Apollos persistence. The roots begin to hold her in place, beginning the transformation. In their faces, you can see the results of Eros arrows. Apollo is so focused on winning Daphnes affections that there seems to be nothing else in the world for him to do. Daphne seems so repulsed by him, you can almost hear her scream Leave me alone! just by looking at her face. These five examples really express the importance of visual art in mythology. Because we can see these pieces whenever we want, we can relive the stories whenever we want as well. They allow us to really see the thematic emotion behind each story and each god, goddess, nymph and mortal. They take the immortals and make them, well, immortal.

The Dark Humor of Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Dark Humor of Hamlet  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's black humor is a direct result of too much anger: it leads to the alienation, and finally the death of the people who know him, and eventually causes his own death. First, Hamlet's reaction his mother's marriage right after Old Hamlet's funeral shows that his anger alienates him from his mother. Second, his reaction to Polonius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern is his indirect anger to the world, because Hamlet feels that everyone is betraying and using him. Lastly, the anger towards Gertrude is expressed in conversations with Ophelia which eventually leads to her death.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet tells Horatio that the food served in the funeral will be the same served in his mother's wedding. " The funeral baked meats Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables." (Act 1, Scene 11, Line 180) It shows that Hamlet is really disturbed about his mother marrying his uncle the day after his father's death. Later on in the story, he loses his temper with his mother. "Mother, for your love of grace, Lay not the flattering unaction to your soul, That no...

What Is A Blog?

In recent years, we have been hearing a lot about blogs and how they can become a tool to generate income, to advertise a product or an idea, to pass information, to destroy other people’s reputations, or to express genuine human emotion. But what is a blog, in its very basic sense? Blog is actually a derivative from the words: web log. And that is actually the best description of a blog. It is a log of everyday events and occurrences published on the web. It is usually maintained by somebody with intent to regularly update it with commentaries, videos, pictures, essay, and graphics; much like a diary. However, unlike the usually diary, blogs follow a reverse-chronological order. So when you open the web page, you actually see the newest entry and will actually have to track back to view older entries. People who write, maintain and manage blogs are called bloggers and all bloggers, and everything that is written in any blog in any part of the web is encompassed in the term: blogosphere. This word is used to suggest that blogs and bloggers are connected through some kind of social network. Blogs are complicated and many, they fall under every and any category imaginable, the most popular being Personal Blogs which are much like diaries, where the blogger puts in anything s/he feels like sharing to the world. However, some other blog types are more organized and focused like a Corporate Blog which is usually used for marketing a product. You could also define a blog by its genre and the topics it focuses on. There are Political Blogs, Travel Blogs, Fashion Blogs, Party Blogs, Music Blogs, Education Blogs, Entertainment Blogs, Law Blogs and even Sub-Culture Blogs. Whatever topic one chooses for his/her blog, it still remains true that the Blog is one of the most ingenious inventions of our time. It allows us to talk to the rest of the world by sharing everything we want to, and much like a diary, fulfills our need to be heard.

Carl Jung: The Undiscovered Self Essay

?The book of C. G Jung â€Å"The Undiscovered Self† was written during the cold war concerning communism. He saw during this time the trend toward collectivism as the utmost threat to the individual self. He expresses grief over the adoption of mass mindedness, and encourages its psychic depreciation. Witnessing the physical and psychological destruction of war, Jung provides the reader his analytic interpretation of the incomparable loss of self in the intrusion of secular religion and social collectivism. Jung shows that although science tries to impose order on the world, the unique thing about real facts, conversely, is their individuality. However, the psyche remains irresolvable puzzle. An individual have to understand not the humanity as a whole but rather than the self. Whenever individual is pressured by a group an effect will occur just like part of the individual self will be deprived in order to fit-in to the benchmark of the group. The individual stops thinking of itself as a result the group becomes the personality of the individual. The dilemma of a human being in the world he lives is losing his self in the process of balancing the factors that can affect him as an individual. We have to get ourselves in order before we can get the rest of the world in order. Yes, man as a social being cannot continue life in the long run without the link to the community. But it doesn’t mean that the community will define us. We are necessitated to have always the sense of balance between the state, religions, and of course our individual psyche. Seeing in the model these three are demonstrated by the two forces, the conscious and unconscious. Later on this paper, it will be further discuss more. Going back, if we have a propensity to maintain the balance between the three, we can attain the self-knowledge that will characterize us, as a real individual. The model shows that there are factors that can affect one’s self knowledge. In the book, Jung tries to point out that the self-knowledge of a human being is a very limited knowledge since it only depends on the social factors that can affect it. There are many blind spots in self-knowledge, and these blind spots can have negative consequences for the self and for others. For example, one who overestimates the positivity of his or her personality or status is often disliked by others, whereas having insight into how others perceive the self and acknowledging one’s flaws seems to attenuate the negativity of others’ impressions. Poor self-knowledge is also associated with negative intrapersonal consequences, such as weak academic achievement and emotional problems. Likewise, lack of insight into how one will feel or behave in the future tends to result in poor decision making, disappointment with unpredicted outcomes, and ultimately lower life satisfaction. What we primarily know about our self is the conscious state. We are not acquainted that there is an inner state that is within us that can help to shape more our own self-knowledge. What I am talking about here is the unconscious psychic. We could have known that this unconscious psychic can outweigh the conscious psychic. In short, one cannot exist without the other. These two psychic forces should team up to promote a more apparent understanding of the self-knowledge. In reality there are conscious and unconscious agendas in the brain and both are important. It does not help to play the unconscious off against the conscious. In the brain at any time most of the agendas are unconscious, much of it is, however, consciousness-prone. The conscious and the unconscious always work together, not only in dreams but also in wakefulness. Our conscience for instance can admonish us out of the unconscious core from our memory, but by doing so it becomes conscious, and it is then the task of the reasoned will to draw the consequences out of it. The unconscious is not the â€Å"bad something† Freud had conceived, a something that plays tricks on us. It is rather the ground worker for consciousness, the staff that supports the leader. And the leader is: The conscious, reasoned free will. Why the unconscious is termed as the â€Å"evil† inside us? As a normal individual whenever we don’t like something about ourselves, or whenever we refuse to admit something about ourselves, we push those energies deep within the recesses of our psyche, creating cut off versions of who we really are. And to make matters even more difficult, we give those energies, bad names like â€Å"shadows† â€Å"demons† and â€Å"negative vibes. † As stated on the book, â€Å"Since it universally believed that man is merely what his consciousness knows of itself, he regards himself as harmless and so adds stupidity to iniquity. He does not deny that terrible things have happened and still go on happening, but it is always â€Å"the others† who do them. † Man has the fear of recognizing the shadow that is in the very first place was there. This fear of the unconscious psyche to be divulged slows down the understanding of self-knowledge. Since mentioned before, the conscious and unconscious must maintain equilibrium to achieve self-knowledge to the real extent. Human must not fear the shadow that dwells inside us. Where in reality, this shadow can help us to mold the individualism we want to resolve. If a general had no idea regarding what constitutes a favorable battle outcome, there would be no utility in simulating battle formations. Evaluating potential actions is challenging because it depends on taking diverse considerations into account (e. g. , physical or social consequences). Most knowledge regarding what is favorable is already embodied in the very agentic systems that, before the advent of suppression, controlled behavior directly. Unconscious conflict resolution processes thus furnish valuable information to conscious processes of planning for the future. Given sufficiently strong motivations and commitment to the planned course of action, specific plans such as â€Å"when X happens, I will do Y† themselves operate automatically when the future opportunity arises, as in the implementation intention research of Gollwitzer and colleagues (e. g. , Gollwitzer, 1999). In this way, unconscious processes not only adapt us to the present situation, but they also influence the tracks we lay to guide our future behavior. As mention earlier in this paper, the state and religion including the individual psyche should maintain a sense of stability in an individual. Man should not let neither the state nor religion, take away his individuality. One chapter of the book was entitled â€Å"Religion as the Counterbalance to Mass-mindedness†. Religion is defined as an, â€Å"organized belief system that includes shared and institutionalized moral values, beliefs about God, and involvement in religious community,† Individuals may be spiritual not religious, religious not spiritual, religious and spiritual, or neither spiritual nor religious. Often times the spiritual not religious individual is seeking meaning, connection with others, and completeness. The religious not spiritual person typically participates in religious institutions, holds theistic beliefs, and institutionalized moral values. The spiritual and religious person holds characteristics of both while the neither spiritual nor religious person holds few if any of these characteristics. In the book, Jung distinguishes between religion and creed, labeling religion as the relationship of an individual to God and a creed as a confession of faith in a collective belief. Creeds have codified their views, customs and beliefs and externalized themselves to such an extent that the external point of reference has become of minor importance. Jung tries to point out that, religion like the state yearn for the individual to sacrifice himself. The state and the religion have the same objective towards an individual but they have different line of attack to grasp it. Neither the state nor the religion is unscrupulous. In fact, we do need them, but they must be at the same rank in one’s self. One should not override the other, for it must be keep upright. Examine the spirits that speak in you. Become critical. –Carl Jung References: Carlson, E. N. (2013). Overcoming the Barriers to Self-Knowledge : Mindfulness as a Path to Seeing Yourself as You Really Are. Perspectives on Psychological Sciences , 2. Deecke, L. (2012). There Are Conscious and Unconscious Agendas in the Brain. 4. Morsella, J. A. (2008). The Unconscious Mind. 7-8. Nickles, T. (2011). THE ROLE OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN COUNSELING. 3-4.

Free Essays on St. Joan Of Arc

Saint Joan of Arc was born in champagne on January 6th, 1412, and lived until May 30th, 1431. She lived a relatively short life, but made the most of it while she could. Saint Joan of Arc was canonized in 1920 and is the patron saint of France. She was Famous for her voices she claimed to hear, her fulfilled military mission, and the miracles she worked. When she was around the age of thirteen she heard voices that summoned her to the rescue of France. The first one came to her at around noon, during the summer time, in her father’s garden. After the third time she realized the voice came from God, and knew it was Michael the Archangel, the protector of France. Years passed and St. Margaret and St. Catherine appeared to her frequently, their heads richly crowned, and voices soft. Once or twice a week they urged her to seek the king, and tell him of her mission, the God Himself was sending her to give help to the kingdom. She told nobody of these for quite some time, scared that she was just a poor maid, who knew nothing of fighting. At the age of sixteen she decided that it was time for her to follow her heavenly counselors. St. Joan of Arc joined the French army during the war of the roses. France was in a state of despair dealing with famine, inflation, and a king with no money or allies. The English held Normandy, Picardy, Pairs, and Guyenne. She met with King Charles, and after much debate and 3 weeks of captivity in the castle she passed all of the tests, and was allowed to go to Orleans and help the army. She told the king that, â€Å" She must not be prevented from going to Orleans with the men-at-arms. To do so would be resisting the Holy Spirit and making oneself unworthy of the help of God.† She never really had an official place in the army, but after a few days had inspired the entire force, and became their leader. She became the savior of Orleans and her country because of her unshakable conviction that she was w... Free Essays on St. Joan Of Arc Free Essays on St. Joan Of Arc Saint Joan of Arc was born in champagne on January 6th, 1412, and lived until May 30th, 1431. She lived a relatively short life, but made the most of it while she could. Saint Joan of Arc was canonized in 1920 and is the patron saint of France. She was Famous for her voices she claimed to hear, her fulfilled military mission, and the miracles she worked. When she was around the age of thirteen she heard voices that summoned her to the rescue of France. The first one came to her at around noon, during the summer time, in her father’s garden. After the third time she realized the voice came from God, and knew it was Michael the Archangel, the protector of France. Years passed and St. Margaret and St. Catherine appeared to her frequently, their heads richly crowned, and voices soft. Once or twice a week they urged her to seek the king, and tell him of her mission, the God Himself was sending her to give help to the kingdom. She told nobody of these for quite some time, scared that she was just a poor maid, who knew nothing of fighting. At the age of sixteen she decided that it was time for her to follow her heavenly counselors. St. Joan of Arc joined the French army during the war of the roses. France was in a state of despair dealing with famine, inflation, and a king with no money or allies. The English held Normandy, Picardy, Pairs, and Guyenne. She met with King Charles, and after much debate and 3 weeks of captivity in the castle she passed all of the tests, and was allowed to go to Orleans and help the army. She told the king that, â€Å" She must not be prevented from going to Orleans with the men-at-arms. To do so would be resisting the Holy Spirit and making oneself unworthy of the help of God.† She never really had an official place in the army, but after a few days had inspired the entire force, and became their leader. She became the savior of Orleans and her country because of her unshakable conviction that she was w...

First-Grade Science Projects

First-Grade Science Projects First grade is a great time to introduce students to the scientific method, which involves looking at the world around you, coming up with an explanation for what you observe, testing your  hypothesis  to see if it could be valid, and then either accepting or rejecting it. Even at such an early grade level, students can begin to learn concepts related to this method.   Harness Their Curiosity Young children are innately curious about the world around them. Introducing them to the scientific method helps kids begin to explore what they see, hear, taste, and feel in a systematic way. First-grade projects should be interesting to the student and mostly exploratory in nature. At this age, a teacher or parent needs to help plan the project and offer guidance  on a report or poster. Some students may want to make models or perform demonstrations that illustrate scientific concepts. Project Ideas First-grade science offers a wonderful opportunity to explore how things work. Start your first-graders on the road to exploring science fair project ideas with some simple questions that might spark their interest, such as: What type of food attracts the most insects? (You can choose either flies or ants.) What do these foods have in common?In this experiment, students use vinegar to remove the calcium in chicken bones to make them rubbery. Questions for students: What happens to a chicken bone or an egg if you put in vinegar for a day? What would happen after a week? Why do you think it happens?  Do all students in the class have the same size hands and feet? Trace outlines of hands and feet and compare them. Do taller students have larger hands and feet or does height not seem to matter?You can also create a fun science project to determine whether mascaras are really waterproof. Simply put mascara on a sheet of paper and rinse it with water. Ask students to explain what happens. Do eight-hour lipsticks really keep their color that long? You may need to review the  concept of time  with students if they have forgotten or are unfamiliar with hours, minutes, and seconds. Other Project Ideas Spark further interest by suggesting- or assigning- other science fair projects. Asking questions related to each project is the best way to elicit a response from young students. Project-related questions you can ask include: Do clothes take the same length of time to dry if you add a dryer sheet or fabric softener to the load?Do all types of bread grow the same types of mold?Do frozen candles burn at the same rate as candles that were stored at room temperature? All of these questions give you the opportunity to review- or teach- concepts that are important for first-graders. For example, explain to students that  room temperature is a range of  temperatures  that denotes comfortable habitation for people. Talk About Temperature An easy way to demonstrate this idea is to turn up or down the temperature-control gage in the classroom. Ask students what happens when you turn the temperature control up or down. Some other fun projects include letting students figure out if raw eggs and hard-boiled eggs spin the same length of time/number of times, if light affects how fast foods spoil, and if you can tell from todays clouds what tomorrows weather will be. This is a great opportunity to take students outdoors, and as they peer at the sky, discuss the difference in outside temperature compared to inside.

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both Essay - 1

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both governments and business - Essay Example These businesses include those reliant on fossil fuels in production or others that produce products that are the source of carbon emissions themselves. However, since everything comes at a cost, businesses are reluctant to combat the challenges that are bringing climate change. Climate change in general has affected businesses in all the industries regardless of their size. The primary reason for this assertion is the fact that the world is largely dependent on fossil fuels, the burning of which results in CO2 emissions, for its energy needs. Chief science adviser to Tony Blair, Sir David King believed that climate change has even greater threats than those posed by terrorism (Carey, 2004). The immediate reaction, as to what should we do in this regard, would be to develop alternatives for fossil fuels. What those alternatives are is then the challenge for businesses and governments to address. John Carey in his cover story for Bloomberg Business Week believes that the idea is to cu t down on usage of fossil fuels and to develop energy efficient vehicles and factories (Carey, 2004). The main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions however remains the energy sector. Surprisingly, and for the greater good, businesses adopting methods to address these concerns are thriving. Climate Group, an effort by companies and governments, helps to share stories of corporate success. Michael Northrop from the Climate Group says, "It's impossible to find a company that has acted and has not found benefits" (Carey, 2004). Although evidence exists of the energy sector benefitting from changes, the challenge exists in changing the dimensions of the industry to accommodate environmentally friendly substitutes to fossil fuels. Many companies are however reluctant to invest the appropriate amount of both time and money to find the most viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Oil companies have been primarily responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and have allegedly failed to restrict their contribution in the name of profit (Monteleone, pp. 144-154, 2007). Thus, it then poses a question to governments as to what should policy be aimed at. The answer is not that simple as even that comes at cost. Limits on pollution in the form tradable permits are being sought as a solution by the EU and the US in an attempt to curb greenhouse emissions. CEO of Xcel Energy Inc. Mr Wayne H. Brunetti says that one solution would be to give the companies the chance to figure out a solution and to allow them to set goals for 50 years down the road. He also stresses on the need for flexibility and the need for cooperation between institutions (Carey, 2004). The concerns of governments and environmental activists however are not restricted to the energy sector. Intel Corporation, the world’s largest chipmaker has been under scrutiny for its contribution to climate change. The challenge then again for businesses is to look for substitutes.  Intel’s Stephen Harper says that the search for alternatives is still on and they are planning to find solutions to the growing concerns about climate change (Carey, 2004). Surprising enough is the contribution of animal farms to the greenhouse process. The contributions made by the animal agricultural sector to greenhouse gas em

I'm not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I'm not sure - Essay Example In addition to honoring elders, the path to virtue is found through restraint. This means that the individual must not indulge for personal satisfaction in order to stay on the path that will bring him/her to higher levels of achievement. When the individual behaves in a manner that expresses his/her position on the path as he/she is following the Way, the development of the community is achieved through right and moral good which in turn contributes to social betterment. Finding the Way is the path to finding virtue. The term virtue refers to moral worthiness, specifically and is referring to the power within the individual to act along the path. As Kong and Slingerland suggest, during the Shang period virtue was about the personal power within someone. This referred to charisma and the way in which the individual attracted people to them so that they would follow (242). This does not always mean that someone is good, however. A good example is that of Fidel Castro. One of the comme nts made by Barbara Walters when she had interviewed him was that she was wildly attracted to him and sexually compelled by his personal power (Ratcliff 130). In some interpretations of the Shang period of virtue, this would make Fidel Castro virtuous. The mark of this power was envisioned as a part of the divine right that was given to a leader as a blessing. The intention was to make the ruler seem that they were not to be questioned. The ruling position was deserved. The Zhou shifted this to mean that the observance of ritual was recognized by Heaven through which a ruler was then given divine blessing. What Confucius did was then place this not only within the power of the ruler, but into the power of the individual. This can almost be seen as the action that Martin Luther took when he opened up the path to God through the individual with the intervention of the priests no longer necessary. The sense of Heaven could be felt through the Way, and the way was accessible by the indi vidual (Kong and Slingerland 242). Dao is a reference to the Way. The Way refers to a path, which Confucius defines as a literal way of doing things in order to meet certain expectations of what it means to be a good and wholesome person. The Way is distinctly defined by a means to morality, the path through which the individual must go in order to move towards living a moral life. Kong and Songerland write that â€Å"this Way is manifested in the ritual practices, music and literature passed down from the Golden Age of the Western Zhou† (243). This means that culture is highly important in fulfilling the path of the Way. Culture is of high importance to the practice of morality. In passage 1.6, the â€Å"Master said, ‘A young person should be filial when at home and respectful of his elders when in public. Conscientious and trustworthy, he should display a general care for the masses, but feel a particular affection for those who are Good. If he has any strength left over after manifesting theses virtues in practice, let him devote it to learning the cultural arts† (Kong and Slingerland 3). This task is both difficult and easy, the mandate depending on the nature of the individual and their position within the world. The individual who is inclined to have respect for their elders and is consistent in showing respect for the people in his or her environment and who has a desire to seek the learning about the cultural arts can accomplish this goal. The

Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics - Case Study Example The police officers of every nation are empowered to ensure the safety of their communities and to arrest people that they suspect of being criminals. This level of power, for some officers, gives them the facility to abuse the authority accorded them by enaging in corrupt activities. The issue of ensuring police accountability is probably one of the hardest to achieve for police leaders (Miller, 2010). This is because police officers are in the first place empowered to use coercive tactics when enforcing the law. The law enforcement profession, in contrast to other proffesions, has numerous opportunities for acts of corruption. Corrupt acts in the police profession include taking bribes, giving false witness against a suspect, or pilfering itmes from a scene of crime. There have also been many cases in the past of police officers misusing physically battering suspects to get quick albeit wrong confessions. Such acts are then hidden by coworkers. These are just some of the problems t hat are faced by police leaders. The challenges that many police organizations face at present could be categorized into three groups; as administrative, operational, and political issues (Kaariainen, Lintonen, Laitinen and Pollock, 2008). Operational challenges are basically focused on order maintenance and crime control police operations. These operations include controlling drug-trafficking, prosecuting organized crime, and gangs, violent crime, and controlling social disorder. It is in these areas where most corrupt practices such as the use of brutality and bribe taking are prevalent. Administrative challenges have to do with allocating resources, engineering the transfer of officers, defining service quality, and handling daily administrative issues. Police leaders have in the past dealt with challenges in the officially prescribed manner. This can affect the induction of new regulations that will positively affect the police force. The hierarchical structure which stipulates that all direction flows from the top down can actually stifle any efforts of ordinary officers to improve their departments. Political challenges have to do with being affected by the community’s political environment. There have been many instances in the past when police actions were compromised by the influence of owerful political players who interfered criminal investigations. Such realities put a lot of pressure on police leaders because they know that they can be adversely affected by refusing to accede to the requests of powerful politicians operating within their jurisdictions. Reasons why these Challenges Need to be Addressed in Light of the Organization’s Mission, Values and Culture Police corruption basically refers to any acts that contravene the very rules that police officers are expected to uphold. Police officers, like all other members of communities, have basic needs and wants. Some police officers simply enter the force in order to earn a good livi ng whle serving their communities. Morever, their idealistic views of what is right and what ois wrong might be negatively affected once they are exposed to the world of crime and discover that criminals actually make more money than they do. Once this point is reached, it takes an extremely dedicated officer to refuse the temptation of large bribes in order to allow criminal elements in the society to

Toyota’s problem revealed

Toyota’s problem revealed 1. Abstract A system can be defined as a collection of interrelated parts that taken together form a whole system such that the collection has some purpose and a change in any parts leads to or result from change in some other part(s). Information system is organized system which comprises input unit, process unit and output unit with a feedback mechanism that receives raw data and converts into a sensible information. Management information system is a system that provides information for the management activities carried out within the organization. This system consists of hardware and software that accept data and store, process, and retrieve information. This information is selected and presented in a form suitable for managerial decision making and for the planning and monitoring of the organizations activities. Essential to the idea of a management information system is the ability to retrieve data and use it for the production of targeted information for different purposes. Much data will be stored as the result of transaction processing operations. It is important that this data is seen as a central resource for the entire management information system and not tied to the application that produced it. In order to achieve the objective of common availability, the data needs to be managed as a central resource. The software that creates this database and handles access to it is called a Database Management System. This ensures the data is controlled, consistent and available to provide information. The database serves as a permanent store for the results of transaction processing, as a temporary store during processing and as a store for the records of the transaction processing and the database is handled by the database management system software. This protects the database from direct contact with the application programs and maintains data consistency. 2. Toyotas Problem Revealed Toyota is all about the customer. Technology does not drive business processes at Toyota but the various systems employed in it like Toyota production system(TPS),Corporate Customer Information System, Just-In-Time System, Customer Relationship Mangement,Enterprise Resource Planning are, few systems to name ,which drive the business processes on Toyota.Psabilla (2006). Major problems faced by Toyota can be broadly classified into Organizational/Technical and Management Problem. 2.1 Organizational/technical problems at Toyota: 2.1.1 Problems with Corporate Customer Information System (CCIS) CCIS is a central repository of up-to-the-minute customer information linked to all transaction systems. CIS is designed around customers, providing information about the products and services they use and their relationships with other customers and the organization. CCIS can reduce the costs associated with redundant systems by functioning as a single, central point of entry for creation, inquiry and retrieval. Because it readily accepts information from a variety of systems, CCIS easily accommodates virtually any financial institutions system environment. In order to build and sustain a competitive edge, service organization need to strive to maintain a superior quality of services in an effort to gain customer loyality, hence improving customer retention rates.(Kadampully,1998) Many organizations find they are surrounded by data that come in variety of forms: records, instructions, design, blueprints, maps, image, sounds, metadata, detailed data, and summarized data, to name just a few. Yet much of it does not truly satisfy their information need. This information may be stored in places ranging from file cabinets to databases and from library shelves to the Internet. Todays organizations have achieved quantity of data and information, but not necessarily quality of either, meaning that the data or information lacks one or more vital characteristics necessary for it to be fit for use. Problems with the quality of data and information are further compounded by the struggle many organizations are experiencing as they try to improve their systems for knowledge management and organizational memory. This is the main area where Toyota had crucial problem. Toyotas database had several million records that had to be checked. Some database had wrong addresses, wrong vehicles, and wrong motors. 2.1.2 Information- and Data quality challenges Toyota relied on its Corporate Customer Information System to provide the information about its customers and other service problems. Data from system identified Lexus owners with troublesome tyres, and Toyota began mailing the owners cheques for $400 or more to replace troublesome tyres. But some of these cheques went to the people who did not even own a Lexus and one was mailed to a Toyotas auditor for a vehicle he no longer owned. These mistakes pointed to a massive data quality problem because the Corporate Customer Information System used customer data stored in 15 databases in different parts of the company. So the company had to bear a huge financial loss. 2.1.3 Root causes of poor data quality in the Corporate Customer Information System Multiple data sources: Multiple sources of the same information can contain different values for information, including values that were accurate at a prior point in time. Subjective judgment in data production: data collected using subjective judgments and technique can lead to biased information being recorder. Bypassing input rules and too strict input rules: bypassing database edit checking without careful examination may produce missing or error nous information when individuals either arbitrarily change a value to pass the edit check or skip entering the field. Input rules that are too strict may further encourage data entry clerks to seek ways to bypass onerous edit checks. Volume of data: Large volume of stored information may make it difficult to access information from multiple system Distributed heterogeneous systems: distributed heterogeneous systems can lead to inconsistent definitions, formats, and values as well as excessive time spent to select and aggregate information from multiple systems Researcher and practioners are continuing to discover and explain the roots causes of poor quality data so that the systems that collect, process, and disseminate data can be improved. One of the best examples of this type of research is an article by strong, lee, and Wang (1997) that identifies ten key problems that often lead to data-quality problems 2.1.4 Cost of poor data and information quality are difficult to quantify The costs associated with poor data and information quality are often difficult to quantify because they involve both tangible and intangible components. Without accurate cost estimates, organizations may not realize the impact that poor data and information quality is having on their bottom line and, therefore, improvement is not a priority. Knight(1992) Redman (2003) estimates that without an active quality program in place, the cost of poor data and information quality for a typical organization is about 20% of the revenue. Although the fear of bad publicity keeps many companies silent about this issues,Knight(1992).thats why,Toyata also suffered a huge financial loss due to decline in its sales revenue. The presence of poor quality data and information can lead to higher costs in several ways. First there is the cost of remedying the mistake caused by the poor quality data or information along with the cost of correcting the data or information problem itself. rectifying the harm caused by poor data and information quality may involve dealing with cleanup effort, loss of lives, valuable equipments or production time, rework, lawsuit or penalties, and costumer appeasements such as offering rebates or issuing apology letters. Redman (1996,1-16) also cities other quality-related expenses such as different department within the same organization maintaining their own stores of redundant information because no one trusts the information in the others data base: managers forming poorer, less-confident decisions that take longer to make; and organizational difficulties in adopting new technologies such as data warehouse or business- re- engineering projects. Beside causing additional expenses, the presence of poor quality data may cause revenue reduction due to dissatisfied customers and partners opting to do business with someone else.Dealing with the effects of poor quality data and information can frustrate employees, lower job satisfaction, and raise levels of organizational mistrust. In a tight labor market, organizations may find that poor quality data and information inhibit their ability to attract and retain skilled employees. All these findings are echoed by Hansen and Wang (1991), who found that data and information quality impact corperate profits by interfering with an organizations ability to deliver customer service, management support, and productivity gains. 2.2 Management Problem at Toyota â€Å"In Toyota, Technology plays a critical role by supporting, enabling and bringing to life on a mass scale the processes derived by adhering to Transaction Processing System(TPS).Over the years, Toyota refined a number of other concepts and production methods that support the two central TPS pillars.They are Just-in-time and Genchi Genbustsu(meaning- Go and see for yourself) . And behind each of those pillars are information systems, supporting and enabling the processes†-Evans,P(2002). Data and information quality represent an important and maturing area in the field of management information system. This pursuit is fraught with the challenges as organizations discover the difficulties surrounding the definition, measurement, analysis and improvement of quality for data and information. For the help in dealing these challenges, organizations can turn to a growing body of research on data and information quality. (Coleridge,S.T 2003). The major management challenges face by the Toyota is as follows: Financial Loss: The Company had a huge financial loss due to error on the customer information system. Company had to pay huge value for the customer service resulting into tangible loss for it. This introduced a financial risk to the company. Ineffective customer service and support: The Company offered monetary compensation to Lexus owners with troublesome tyres but unfortunately, it reached to such group of people who never owned such vehicles. On other side of the coin, the incentive never reached to deserving candidates. This action gave wrong message to the public. Customers were totally dissatisfied with the customer service and support system of the company resulting a problem in the customer retention program of the company. Ineffective decision support system: the poor quality data led to inaccurate information to transaction processing system. This resulted poor reports which are tools for decision making in the Management Information System. This entire problem resulted its effect on the company on its strategic planning area i.e. Executive Information System. Human Resource Problem: Huge number of employee had to recruited throughout various branches distributed in different geographical locations. Laying off these unnecessary workforce was a big problem to the company as they had to handle the distributed information system. 3. Management Initiative to solve the problem 3.1 Installation of Centralized Database: Toyotas management called for a single centralized customer database to solve the problem regarding the data quality. The advantages of a centralized database approach can be summarized in that it leads to a system where data management and control are more effective and the ability to share data is increased. Advantages of database can be summarized as follows: Data redundancy is reduced: In the application led, file based approach; data such as employee name may be unnecessarily duplicated in various files. This is a waste of storage and can be reduced, if not entirely eliminated, in a database system. Data consistency can be maintained: A corollary of the elimination of redundancy is that update inconsistency is reduced. Some inconsistency may result unless care is taken in database design, because some duplication of data is not eliminated. Independence of data and programs is possible: In the file based approach, the application programs are closely interdependent with the file structure. For example, the payroll programs will need to ‘know how the employee file is organized in order to access to records. It makes a great deal of difference whether the file is organized sequentially by employee# or organized with an employee# index. At the level of the record, the order of the fields and the length of each will probably need to be ‘known by the program. It is not possible to change the file organization or change the record structure without changing the program or program that access it. The program is dependent on the data. In a database system, many programs will share the same data. It is not desirable to require each program to be changed when there is a change in the physical form of storage of data.( changes in physical storage can be made for reasons of technical efficiency.) The database management system maintains the same view of the data to the accessing program no matter how the data may be reorganized physically on the disk. A logical view is presented to the user or user programs: following from the last point, it is clear that the view of the data presented to the users or user programs must be independent to the physical storage details it must be logical. Many database management systems allow different logical views of the same data to be presented to different users or programs. This is important as it frees programmers from a need to pay attention to the physical details of storage and allows them to concentrate on the applications to be coded. In the example covered earlier in this chapter, it is much easier for programmers to develop the cost allocation program if it is not necessary to consider the physical details of data retrieval. Program can concentrate on how to do a task, not on how to obtain the data to do Applications development is enhanced because data sharing is possible: The ability to use the database management system to retrieve data across the database in any required form once it has been stored opens up the range of applications for which the existing data can be used. Standards can be enforced: The factor that all access to data occurs via the database management system allows the individual responsible for this , the database administrator (DBA), to ensure that applications standards are followed in the representation of data. Security is more easily implemented: The DBA will control access to the database. The DBA can ensure that authorization code for users are set restricting their access to only parts of the database and for only for the functions (read,write,copy)that are legitimate to their data purposes. Databases allow more effective control over access than the dispersal of responsibility associated with file- based systems. However, a breach of security may lead to a greater risk, as more data is accessible than with a traditional file- based system. (Curtis,G.,Cobham,D.(2002) 3.2 Application of Informaticas Power Mart: Informatica is data integration software. Thousands of companies rely on the informaticas platform to lower the IT costs and gain greater business value from all their information assets both on-premise in traditional IT computing system and in the internet cloud. Two main elements of this software are : Data mining It is a collection of tools and techniques. It is one of the several technologies required to support a customer-centric enterprise. In broader sense, data mining is an attitude that business actions should be based on learning that informed decisions are better than uninformed decisions, and that measuring resulting is beneficial to the business. Data mining is also a process and methodology for applying the tool and techniques for effective relationship with its customers. (Berry, Michael J. A.Linoff, Gordon S. 2004) Data mining helped Toyota to identify the hidden trends in the database. Various software modules present in the data mining were used to realize the dependency of data and its relationship with other entities in the database repository. This helped Toyota to make decision in the real-time. Data Warehousing Data warehousing is a logical repository of an organizations electronically stored data. It fulfills the organizations need for reliable, consodiated,unique and reporting and analysis of its data at different levels within the organization. The practical reality of Toyota is that their data infrastructure was made up by a collection of heterogeneous systems like customer relationship management, Enterprise Resource planning, transaction processing system, decision support system etc, throughout all the branches distributed in different geographical locations. so same information of different entities were repeated all over in the database. Data warehousing tools and module helped to keep these information in more scientific way in the form of data marts. Some of the benefits that a data warehouse provided are as follows: A data warehouse provided a common data model for all data created whatever the datas source may be. So it was easier to report and analyze information Before storing data into the data warehouse, inconsistent data were identified and resolved which made it easy to report and analyze the trend of data. The information in the warehouse can be stored safely for long periods of time. Data warehouses provide retrieval of data without slowing down operational systems because they were separated from operational system. Data warehouses added the value of operational business applications especially CRM. Data warehouses helped decision support system applications to produce trend reports, exception reports, and reports that show actual performance versus goals. 4. Conclusion: By implementing a new information system, Toyota was able to maintain data quality within the database. As we know â€Å"Too much of Information kill information†, the main challenge in every business is not creating and storing the information but the challenge lie on the capability of company to manage it and use it as par need. Efficient management of the database helped Toyota to increased its annual vehicle sales revenue from 750000 to 1.7 million. This is a huge financial benefit to the company from market share viewpoint. Toyota also gained the intangible benefits of ‘first-mover advantage which made them a leader in using a new process or system that were difficult for competitors to follow yielding strategic competitive advantage. This helped them to stay in the business despite of the huge system failure. Other intangible benefits like staff morale, customer satisfaction,reputation,customer-management, value chain management, organizational learning were also o bserved by the management.